In 1805 he joined Britain in the War of the Third Coalition against Napoleon, but after suffering massive defeats at the battles of Austerlitz and Friedland, he switched sides and formed an alliance with Napoleon by the Treaty of Tilsit (1807) and joined Napoleon's Continental System. In foreign policy, he changed Russia's position towards France four times between 18 among neutrality, opposition, and alliance. Plans were also made to set up a parliament and sign a constitution.
The Collegia were abolished and replaced by the State Council, which was created to improve legislation. Alexander appointed Mikhail Speransky, the son of a village priest, as one of his closest advisors. In the first years of his reign, he initiated some minor social reforms and (in 1803–04) major liberal educational reforms, such as building more universities. As prince and during the early years of his reign, Alexander often used liberal rhetoric, but continued Russia's absolutist policies in practice. He ruled Russia during the chaotic period of the Napoleonic Wars. The son of Grand Duke Paul Petrovich, later Paul I, Alexander succeeded to the throne after his father was murdered. He was the eldest son of Emperor Paul I and Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg. Alexander I ( Russian: Александр I Павлович, romanized: Aleksandr I Pavlovich, IPA: 23 December 1777 – 1 December 1825), nicknamed " the Blessed", was the emperor of Russia from 1801, the first king of Congress Poland from 1815, and the grand duke of Finland from 1809 to his death in 1825.
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